Mulder A,Vandegraaf A A, Roberson L A, et al. 1995, Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidizied-bed reactor. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol.16(3): 177–183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-6496(94)00081-7.
Schmid M, Walsh K, Webb R, et al. 2003, Candidatus “Scalindua brodae”, sp.nov., Candidatus “Scalindua wagneri”, sp.nov., two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, Systematic Applied Microbiology, vol.26(4): 529–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/072320203770865837.
Strous M, Kuenen J G, and Jetten M S, 1999, Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol.65: 3248–3250.
Kartal B, Rattray J, Van Niftrik L et al. 2007, Candidatus “Anammoxoglobus propionicus” gen. nov., sp. nov., a new propionate oxidizing species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Systematic Applied Microbiology, vol.30(1): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2006.03.004.
Quan Z X, Rhee S K, Zuo J E, et al. 2008, Diversity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in granular sludge anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) reactor. Environmental Microbiology, vol.10(11): 3130–3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01642.x.
Schmid M, Twachtmann U, Klein M, et al. 2000, Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Systematic Applied Microbiology, vol.23(1): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(00)80050-8.
Schmid M C, Risgaard-Petersen N, van de Vossenberg J, et al. 2007, Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in marine environments: widespread occurrence but low diversity. Environmental Microbiology, vol.9(6): 1476– 1484.
Wang J and Gu J-D, 2012, Dominance of Candidatus Scalindua species in anammox community revealed in soils with different duration of rice paddy cultivation in Northeast China. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.97: 1785−1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4036-x.
Risgaard-Petersen N, Meyer R L, Schmid M, et al. 2004, Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an estuarine sediment. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, vol.36(3): 293−304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame036293.
Penton C R, Devol A H, and Tiedje J M, 2006, Molecular evidence for the broad distribution of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater and marine sediments. Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol.72(10): 6829−6832.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01254-06.
Lee K H, Wang Y F, Li H, et al. 2014, Niche specificity of ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial communities in a freshwater wetland receiving municipal wastewater in Daqing, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology, vol.23(10): 2081−2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1334-3.
Lee K H, Wang Y F, Zhang G X, et al. 2014, Distribution patterns of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in the freshwater marsh of Honghe wetland in Northeast China. Ecotoxicology, vol.23(10): 1930−1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1333-4.
Li H, Chen S, Mu B Z, et al. 2010, Molecular detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in high-temperature petroleum reservoirs. Microbial Ecology, vol.60(4): 771−783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9733-3.
Li M, Hong Y G, Cao H L, et al. 2013, Using the variation of anammox bacteria community structures as a bio-indicator for anthropogenic or terrestrial nitrogen inputs in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.97(22): 9875−9883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4990-y.
Han P and Gu J-D, 2015, Further analysis of anammox bacterial community structures along an anthropogenic nitrogen-input gradient from the riparian sediments of the Pearl River Delta to the deep-ocean sediments of the South China Sea. Geomicrobiology Journal, vol.32(9): 789−798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2014.1001502.
Vince A J, Burridge S M, 1980, Ammonia production by intestinal bacteria: the effects of lactose, lactulose and glucose. Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.13(2): 177−191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-13-2-177.
Han P, Huang Y T, Lin J G, et al. 2013, A comparison of two 16S rRNA gene-based PCR primer sets in unraveling anammox bacteria from different environmental samples. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, vol.97(24): 10521−10529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5305-z.
Lane D J (eds) 1991, 16S/23S rRNA sequencing, in Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics. John Wiley and Sons, New York: 115–175.
Giovannoni S J, DeLong E F, Olsen G J, et al. 1988, Phylogenetic group-specific oligodeoxynucleotide probes for identification of single microbial cells. Journal of Bacteriology, vol.170(2): 720−726.
Sadovy Y and Cornish A S, 2000, Rabbitfishes, Siganidae, in Reef Fishes of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 262−264.
Agricultural, Fisheries and Conservation Department, HKSAR, 2015, Marine fish culture, pond fish culture and oyster culture, viewed May 20, 2015,